The Java KeyGenerator class (javax.crypto.KeyGenerator) is used to generate symmetric encryption keys. A symmetric encryption key is a key that is used for both encryption and decryption of data, by a symmetric encryption algorithm. In this Java KeyGenerator tutorial I will show you how to generate symmetric encryption keys.

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Creating a KeyGenerator Instance

Before you can use the Java KeyGenerator class you must create a KeyGenerator instance. You create a KeyGenerator instance by calling the static method getInstance() passing as parameter the name of the encryption algorithm to create a key for. Here is an example of creating a Java KeyGenerator instance:

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This example creates a KeyGenerator instance which can generate keys for the AES encryption algorithm.

I am generating some random API key(256 bits long) using java 7, two methods provided below, generate and generate2. May 20, 2016  Step 1: Generate ephemeral ECDH key pair. The first step is to generate an ephemeral elliptic curve key pair for use in the algorithm. We do this using the aptly-named KeyPairGenerator using the “EC” algorithm name to select Elliptic Curve key generation. Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) provides core classes and interfaces to generate and manipulate security properties. The JCA encompasses the parts of the Java 2 SDK Security API related to. A Key pair generator for a particular algorithm creates a public/private key pair that can be used with this algorithm. It also associates algorithm-specific parameters with each of the generated keys. There are two ways to generate a key pair: in an algorithm-independent manner, and in an algorithm-specific. Java Cryptography - Encrypting Data - You can encrypt given data using the Cipher class of the javax.crypto package. The KeyPairGenerator class provides getInstance method which accepts a String variable representing the required key-generating algorithm and returns a KeyPairGenerator object that generates keys. Generate the key pair.

Initializing the KeyGenerator

After creating the KeyGenerator instance you must initialize it. Initializing a KeyGenerator instance is done by calling its init() method. Here is an example of initializing a KeyGenerator instance:

The KeyGeneratorinit() method takes two parameters: The bit size of the keys to generate, and a SecureRandom that is used during key generation.

Generating a Key

Once the Java KeyGenerator instance is initialized you can use it to generate keys. Generating a key is done by calling the KeyGeneratorgenerateKey() method. Here is an example of generating a symmetric key:

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You can encrypt given data using the Cipher class of the javax.crypto package. Follow the steps given below to encrypt given data using Java.

Step 1: Create a KeyPairGenerator object

The KeyPairGenerator class provides getInstance() method which accepts a String variable representing the required key-generating algorithm and returns a KeyPairGenerator object that generates keys.

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Create KeyPairGenerator object using the getInstance() method as shown below.

Step 2: Initialize the KeyPairGenerator object

The KeyPairGenerator class provides a method named initialize() this method is used to initialize the key pair generator. This method accepts an integer value representing the key size.

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Initialize the KeyPairGenerator object created in the previous step using the initialize() method as shown below.

Step 3: Generate the KeyPairGenerator

You can generate the KeyPair using the generateKeyPair() method of the KeyPairGenerator class. Generate the key pair using this method as shown below.

Step 4: Get the public key

You can get the public key from the generated KeyPair object using the getPublic() method as shown below.

Get the public key using this method as shown below.

Step 5: Create a Cipher object

The getInstance() method of Cipher class accepts a String variable representing the required transformation and returns a Cipher object that implements the given transformation.

Create the Cipher object using the getInstance() method as shown below.

Step 6: Initialize the Cipher object

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The init() method of the Cipher class accepts two parameters an integer parameter representing the operation mode (encrypt/decrypt) and, a Key object representing the public key.

Initialize the Cypher object using the init() method as shown below.

Step 7: Add data to the Cipher object

The update() method of the Cipher class accepts a byte array representing the data to be encrypted and updates the current object with the data given.

Update the initialized Cipher object by passing the data to the update() method in the form of byte array as shown below.

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Step 8: Encrypt the data

The doFinal() method of the Cipher class completes the encryption operation. Therefore, finish the encryption using this method as shown below.

Example

Following Java program accepts text from user, encrypts it using RSA algorithm and, prints the encrypted format of the given text.

Output

The above program generates the following output −