1. Toyhouse How To Generate Access Keys 2017
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An Azure storage account uses credentials comprising an account name and a key. The key is auto-generated and serves as a password, rather than an as a cryptographic key. Key Vault manages storage account keys by storing them as Key Vault secrets.

You can use the Key Vault managed storage account key feature to list (sync) keys with an Azure storage account, and regenerate (rotate) the keys periodically. You can manage keys for both storage accounts and Classic storage accounts.

When you use the managed storage account key feature, consider the following points:

• Key values are never returned in response to a caller.
• Only Key Vault should manage your storage account keys. Don't manage the keys yourself and avoid interfering with Key Vault processes.
• Only a single Key Vault object should manage storage account keys. Don't allow key management from multiple objects.
• You can request Key Vault to manage your storage account with a user principal, but not with a service principal.
• Regenerate keys by using Key Vault only. Don't manually regenerate your storage account keys.

We recommend using Azure Storage integration with Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service. Azure AD integration is available for Azure blobs and queues, and provides OAuth2 token-based access to Azure Storage (just like Azure Key Vault).

Azure AD allows you to authenticate your client application by using an application or user identity, instead of storage account credentials. You can use an Azure AD managed identity when you run on Azure. Managed identities remove the need for client authentication and storing credentials in or with your application.

Azure AD uses role-based access control (RBAC) to manage authorization, which is also supported by Key Vault.

Service principal application ID

An Azure AD tenant provides each registered application with a service principal. The service principal serves as the Application ID, which is used during authorization setup for access to other Azure resources via RBAC.

Key Vault is a Microsoft application that's pre-registered in all Azure AD tenants. Key Vault is registered under the same Application ID in each Azure cloud.

Tenants	Cloud	Application ID
Azure AD	Azure Government	7e7c393b-45d0-48b1-a35e-2905ddf8183c
Azure AD	Azure public	cfa8b339-82a2-471a-a3c9-0fc0be7a4093
Other	Any	cfa8b339-82a2-471a-a3c9-0fc0be7a4093

Prerequisites

To complete this guide, you must first do the following:

• Install the Azure CLI.
• Create an Azure storage account. The storage account name must use only lowercase letters and numbers. The length of the name must be between 3 and 24 characters.

Manage storage account keys

Connect to your Azure account

Authenticate your Azure CLI session using the az login commands.

Give Key Vault access to your storage account

Use the Azure CLI az role assignment create command to give Key Vault access your storage account. Provide the command the following parameter values:

• --role: Pass the 'Storage Account Key Operator Service Role' RBAC role. This role limits the access scope to your storage account. For a classic storage account, pass 'Classic Storage Account Key Operator Service Role' instead.
• --assignee-object-id: Pass the value '93c27d83-f79b-4cb2-8dd4-4aa716542e74', which is the Object ID for Key Vault in the Azure public cloud. (To get the Object ID for Key Vault in the Azure Government cloud, see Service principal application ID.)
• --scope: Pass your storage account resource ID, which is in the form /subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/resourceGroups/<StorageAccountResourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/<YourStorageAccountName>. To find your subscription ID, use the Azure CLI az account list command; to find your storage account name and storage account resource group, use the Azure CLI az storage account list command.

Create a Key Vault Managed storage account

Create a Key Vault managed storage account using the Azure CLI az keyvault storage command. Set a regeneration period of 90 days. After 90 days, Key Vault regenerates key1 and swaps the active key from key2 to key1. key1 is then marked as the active key. Provide the command the following parameter values:

• --vault-name: Pass the name of your key vault. To find the name of your key vault, use the Azure CLI az keyvault list command.
• -n: Pass the name of your storage account. To find the name of your storage account, use the Azure CLI az storage account list command.
• --resource-id: Pass your storage account resource ID, which is in the form /subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/resourceGroups/<StorageAccountResourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/<YourStorageAccountName>. To find your subscription ID, use the Azure CLI az account list command; to find your storage account name and storage account resource group, use the Azure CLI az storage account list command.

Shared access signature tokens

You can also ask Key Vault to generate shared access signature tokens. A shared access signature provides delegated access to resources in your storage account. You can grant clients access to resources in your storage account without sharing your account keys. A shared access signature provides you with a secure way to share your storage resources without compromising your account keys.

The commands in this section complete the following actions:

• Set an account shared access signature definition <YourSASDefinitionName>. The definition is set on a Key Vault managed storage account <YourStorageAccountName> in your key vault <YourKeyVaultName>.
• Create an account shared access signature token for Blob, File, Table, and Queue services. The token is created for resource types Service, Container, and Object. The token is created with all permissions, over https, and with the specified start and end dates.
• Set a Key Vault managed storage shared access signature definition in the vault. The definition has the template URI of the shared access signature token that was created. The definition has the shared access signature type account and is valid for N days.
• Verify that the shared access signature was saved in your key vault as a secret.

Create a shared access signature token

Create a shared access signature definition using the Azure CLI az storage account generate-sas command. This operation requires the storage and setsas permissions.

After the operation runs successfully, copy the output.

This output will be the passed to the --template-id parameter in the next step.

Generate a shared access signature definition

Use the the Azure CLI az keyvault storage sas-definition create command, passing the output from the previous step to the --template-id parameter, to create a shared access signature definition. You can provide the name of your choice to the -n parameter.

Verify the shared access signature definition

You can verify that the shared access signature definition has been stored in your key vault using the Azure CLI az keyvault secret list and az keyvault secret show commands.

First, find the shared access signature definition in your key vault using the az keyvault secret list command.

The secret corresponding to your SAS definition will have these properties:

You can now use the az keyvault secret show command and the id property to view the content of that secret.

The output of this command will show your SAS definition string asvalue.

Next steps

• Learn more about keys, secrets, and certificates.
• Review articles on the Azure Key Vault team blog.
• See the az keyvault storage reference documentation.

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A connection string includes the authorization information required for your application to access data in an Azure Storage account at runtime using Shared Key authorization. You can configure connection strings to:

• Connect to the Azure storage emulator.
• Access a storage account in Azure.
• Access specified resources in Azure via a shared access signature (SAS).

Protect your access keys

Your storage account access keys are similar to a root password for your storage account. Always be careful to protect your access keys. Use Azure Key Vault to manage and rotate your keys securely. Avoid distributing access keys to other users, hard-coding them, or saving them anywhere in plain text that is accessible to others. Rotate your keys if you believe they may have been compromised.

If possible, use Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests to Blob and Queue storage instead of Shared Key. Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key. For more information about authorizing access to data with Azure AD, see Authorize access to Azure blobs and queues using Azure Active Directory.

View and copy a connection string

To view and copy your storage account access keys or connection string from the Azure portal:

1. Navigate to the Azure portal.

2. Locate your storage account.

3. Under Settings, select Access keys. Your account access keys appear, as well as the complete connection string for each key.

4. Find the Key value under key1, and click the Copy button to copy the account key.

5. Alternately, you can copy the entire connection string. Find the Connection string value under key1, and click the Copy button to copy the connection string.

You can use either key to access Azure Storage, but in general it's a good practice to use the first key, and reserve the use of the second key for when you are rotating keys.

To view or read an account's access keys, the user must either be a Service Administrator, or must be assigned an RBAC role that includes the Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listkeys/action. Some built-in RBAC roles that include this action are the Owner, Contributor, and Storage Account Key Operator Service Role roles. For more information about the Service Administrator role, see Classic subscription administrator roles, Azure RBAC roles, and Azure AD roles. For detailed information about built-in roles for Azure Storage, see the Storage section in Azure built-in roles for Azure RBAC.

Store a connection string

Your application needs to access the connection string at runtime to authorize requests made to Azure Storage. You have several options for storing your connection string:

• You can store your connection string in an environment variable.
• An application running on the desktop or on a device can store the connection string in an app.config or web.config file. Add the connection string to the AppSettings section in these files.
• An application running in an Azure cloud service can store the connection string in the Azure service configuration schema (.cscfg) file. Add the connection string to the ConfigurationSettings section of the service configuration file.

Storing your connection string in a configuration file makes it easy to update the connection string to switch between the storage emulator and an Azure storage account in the cloud. You only need to edit the connection string to point to your target environment.

You can use the Microsoft Azure Configuration Manager to access your connection string at runtime regardless of where your application is running.

Configure a connection string for the storage emulator

The storage emulator supports a single fixed account and a well-known authentication key for Shared Key authentication. This account and key are the only Shared Key credentials permitted for use with the storage emulator. They are:

Note

The authentication key supported by the storage emulator is intended only for testing the functionality of your client authentication code. It does not serve any security purpose. You cannot use your production storage account and key with the storage emulator. You should not use the development account with production data.

The storage emulator supports connection via HTTP only. However, HTTPS is the recommended protocol for accessing resources in a production Azure storage account.

Connect to the emulator account using a shortcut

The easiest way to connect to the storage emulator from your application is to configure a connection string in your application's configuration file that references the shortcut UseDevelopmentStorage=true. Here's an example of a connection string to the storage emulator in an app.config file:

Connect to the emulator account using the well-known account name and key

To create a connection string that references the emulator account name and key, you must specify the endpoints for each of the services you wish to use from the emulator in the connection string. This is necessary so that the connection string will reference the emulator endpoints, which are different than those for a production storage account. For example, the value of your connection string will look like this:

This value is identical to the shortcut shown above, UseDevelopmentStorage=true.

Specify an HTTP proxy

You can also specify an HTTP proxy to use when you're testing your service against the storage emulator. This can be useful for observing HTTP requests and responses while you're debugging operations against the storage services. To specify a proxy, add the DevelopmentStorageProxyUri option to the connection string, and set its value to the proxy URI. For example, here is a connection string that points to the storage emulator and configures an HTTP proxy:

For more information about the storage emulator, see Use the Azure storage emulator for development and testing.

Configure a connection string for an Azure storage account

To create a connection string for your Azure storage account, use the following format. Indicate whether you want to connect to the storage account through HTTPS (recommended) or HTTP, replace myAccountName with the name of your storage account, and replace myAccountKey with your account access key:

DefaultEndpointsProtocol=[http https];AccountName=myAccountName;AccountKey=myAccountKey

For example, your connection string might look similar to:

DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=storagesample;AccountKey=<account-key>

Although Azure Storage supports both HTTP and HTTPS in a connection string, HTTPS is highly recommended.

Tip

You can find your storage account's connection strings in the Azure portal. Navigate to SETTINGS > Access keys in your storage account's menu blade to see connection strings for both primary and secondary access keys.

Create a connection string using a shared access signature

If you possess a shared access signature (SAS) URL that grants you access to resources in a storage account, you can use the SAS in a connection string. Because the SAS contains the information required to authenticate the request, a connection string with a SAS provides the protocol, the service endpoint, and the necessary credentials to access the resource.

To create a connection string that includes a shared access signature, specify the string in the following format:

Each service endpoint is optional, although the connection string must contain at least one.

Note

Using HTTPS with a SAS is recommended as a best practice.

If you are specifying a SAS in a connection string in a configuration file, you may need to encode special characters in the URL.

Service SAS example

Here's an example of a connection string that includes a service SAS for Blob storage:

And here's an example of the same connection string with encoding of special characters: /wifi-wep-wpa-generator-key.html.

Account SAS example

Here's an example of a connection string that includes an account SAS for Blob and File storage. Note that endpoints for both services are specified:

And here's an example of the same connection string with URL encoding:

Create a connection string for an explicit storage endpoint

You can specify explicit service endpoints in your connection string instead of using the default endpoints. To create a connection string that specifies an explicit endpoint, specify the complete service endpoint for each service, including the protocol specification (HTTPS (recommended) or HTTP), in the following format:

One scenario where you might wish to specify an explicit endpoint is when you've mapped your Blob storage endpoint to a custom domain. In that case, you can specify your custom endpoint for Blob storage in your connection string. You can optionally specify the default endpoints for the other services if your application uses them.

Here is an example of a connection string that specifies an explicit endpoint for the Blob service:

This example specifies explicit endpoints for all services, including a custom domain for the Blob service:

The endpoint values in a connection string are used to construct the request URIs to the storage services, and dictate the form of any URIs that are returned to your code.

If you've mapped a storage endpoint to a custom domain and omit that endpoint from a connection string, then you will not be able to use that connection string to access data in that service from your code.

Important

Service endpoint values in your connection strings must be well-formed URIs, including https:// (recommended) or http://. Because Azure Storage does not yet support HTTPS for custom domains, you must specify http:// for any endpoint URI that points to a custom domain.

Create a connection string with an endpoint suffix

To create a connection string for a storage service in regions or instances with different endpoint suffixes, such as for Azure China 21Vianet or Azure Government, use the following connection string format. Indicate whether you want to connect to the storage account through HTTPS (recommended) or HTTP, replace myAccountName with the name of your storage account, replace myAccountKey with your account access key, and replace mySuffix with the URI suffix:

Here's an example connection string for storage services in Azure China 21Vianet:

Parsing a connection string

Toyhouse How To Generate Access Keys 2017

The Microsoft Azure Configuration Manager Library for .NET provides a class for parsing a connection string from a configuration file. The CloudConfigurationManager class parses configuration settings. It parses settings for client applications that run on the desktop, on a mobile device, in an Azure virtual machine, or in an Azure cloud service.

To reference the CloudConfigurationManager package, add the following using directives:

Here's an example that shows how to retrieve a connection string from a configuration file:

Using the Azure Configuration Manager is optional. You can also use an API such as the .NET Framework's ConfigurationManager Class.

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Next steps